Whether it’s a dog, cat or fish, a pet delivers unexpected rewards, like lower stress levels, better heart health and more exercise. NIH-funded research shows that pets may play a role in our mental and physical health, and that people who have pets are generally healthier than those without them.
The number of animals kept as pets in the United States is estimated at more than 60 million, with dogs and cats accounting for the majority. There are also a large number of rodents and other non-mammals (such as rabbits, hedgehogs and mini pigs), birds, aquatic pets, amphibians and reptiles, as well as a variety of arthropods such as insects, spiders and snails. Some of these are popular pets, while others are less well known.
When choosing a pet, consider the animal’s lifespan and care requirements, including space needed for housing, exercise needs and cost. Then find out what type of environment best suits the animal’s personality and behavior, such as indoor or outdoor living, interaction level and socialization needs.
Make sure your pet is spayed or neutered and receives regular annual checkups to maintain good health. A healthy pet can reduce the risk of zoonotic diseases that are transmissible between animals and humans, such as salmonella and rabies.
Choose a high-quality, nutritious diet. A good food should provide protein for strong bones and muscles, as well as essential vitamins and minerals, such as vitamin A, D, E and K, which help with eyesight, skin, nerves and bone growth and development. It should also contain fiber to aid in digestion. Avoid foods that are heavily processed or filled with fillers such as cellulose, which can be difficult for some pets to digest and can lack the nutrients found in other foods.
Pets that live inside, such as dogs and cats, should have access to plenty of clean, fresh water. The water should be changed regularly, and a water dish should be available at all times. Pets that live outdoors should be allowed to run and play in a safe area, but should not be allowed to wander. Pets that roam may become lost or injured, and they can carry bacteria, viruses and other pathogens into the home.
Take your pet on frequent walks, hikes or to a dog park to give them exercise and socialization. Playing games is another great way to keep a pet mentally and physically active. Try fetch, hide-and-seek and scent games. Keeping your pet mentally and physically active can reduce his or her anxiety, which may lead to behavioral problems.
During large family gatherings and holidays, pets may be stressed or scared. Noises, bright lights and unfamiliar people may startle or even harm them. Be mindful of the impact of fireworks, loud music and other festivities on your pets. Ensure your pets are properly identified with tags and microchips, and that their registration information is up to date. Include your pets in your emergency preparedness plans and assemble an evacuation kit, especially for dogs.